以上

いじょう · ijou

1. Englishnot less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards

   • ６歳以上の子供は学校に通わなければならない。Children of six and above should attend school.

2. Englishbeyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than

   • これ以上の値引きは、私どもを赤字に追いやるでしょう。A further reduction would make us go into the red.

3. Englishthe above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing

   • 以上のように、実にシンプルな誰でも出来るノウハウで十分な利益と顧客は確保できるのです！As shown above, it is possible to obtain ample profit and customers with truly simple know-how that anyone can do!

4. Englishsince ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...

   • 公僕も人間であること、また、人間である以上過ちを犯す可能性があることを、彼は認識している。He realizes that public officials are human, and that as human beings they are capable of misjudgement.

5. Englishthat's all; that is the end; the end

   • 以上ですか？Is that all?

Source: JMdict (EDRDG) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (EDRDG)